The recent escalation of armed herdsmen activities in Ogunmakin, Gambari Reserve, and surrounding communities within Nigeria’s Oluyole Federal Constituency has precipitated a multifaceted crisis, threatening regional stability, agricultural productivity, and food security. Representative Tolulope Akande-Sadipe’s urgent motion in the House of Representatives highlights systematic crop destruction, weaponized intimidation of farmers, and the systemic failure of law enforcement to curb violence. This report analyzes the socio-economic ramifications of the crisis, historical patterns of farmer-herder conflicts in Oyo State, and the legislative response to mitigate humanitarian and food security risks. With over 20 hectares of farmland destroyed, livelihoods jeopardized, and federal intervention stalled, the crisis underscores broader challenges in Nigeria’s conflict resolution frameworks and resource governance.

Current Situation and Immediate Threats

Geographical Scope of the Crisis

The invasion spans Ogunmakin, Gambari Reserve, and adjacent communities in the Oluyole Federal Constituency, a region historically reliant on subsistence agriculture. These areas, now epicenters of violence, have witnessed coordinated attacks by armed herdsmen since early March 2025, with reports indicating a deliberate targeting of farmlands. The strategic selection of these communities—rich in arable land and straddling key agricultural corridors—suggests an intent to destabilize local food production networks and assert territorial control.

Nature of Attacks and Weaponization

Armed herdsmen employ guns, cutlasses, and psychological tactics to intimidate farmers, destroy crops, and displace residents. Eyewitness accounts describe nighttime raids, during which maize, yam, and tomato plantations are systematically razed, and farmers assaulted. One farmer, Usman Daudu, reported the destruction of 20 hectares of crops and a head injury sustained during an attack, emblematic of the violence’s brazenness. Such tactics not only cripple agricultural output but also instill pervasive fear, eroding community cohesion and forcing many to abandon ancestral homes.

Escalation Despite Security Alerts

Despite multiple petitions to law enforcement agencies, including the Nigeria Police Force and local security outfits, no decisive action has been taken to dismantle the herdsmen’s operations. The absence of arrests or prosecutions has emboldened perpetrators, leading to a surge in attacks since February 2025. Representative Akande-Sadipe notes that the herdsmen’s impunity mirrors patterns observed in the 2021 Igangan crisis, where delayed intervention exacerbated violence and displacement.

Socio-Economic Impact

Collapse of Agricultural Livelihoods

Farmers in the Oluyole Constituency, many of whom rely on seasonal harvests for subsistence and income, face total economic ruin. The destruction of crops like maize and yam—staple foods in southwestern Nigeria—has immediate and long-term consequences. For instance, Dominic Gbegbi, a victim of machete attacks, lost three months of labor and an estimated ₦2.5 million in projected revenue, a devastating blow in a region where 68% of households depend on farming. The deliberate targeting of irrigation systems and storage facilities further compounds losses, leaving farmers without means to replant or recover.

Food Insecurity and Regional Market Disruptions

Oyo State, a key contributor to Nigeria’s domestic food supply, risks exacerbating nationwide food shortages. The Oluyole Constituency alone produces approximately 15% of the state’s yam and 10% of its maize, with disruptions likely to inflate prices in urban centers like Ibadan and Lagos. The National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) warns that such localized crises could elevate Nigeria’s food inflation rate beyond its current 34%, deepening poverty and malnutrition in vulnerable populations.

Displacement and Humanitarian Concerns

Over 500 families have fled Ogunmakin and Gambari Reserve since March 2025, seeking refuge in overcrowded urban settlements. Displaced farmers, now dependent on humanitarian aid, report inadequate access to shelter, clean water, and medical services—a gap Akande-Sadipe urges the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) to address. The displacement mirrors the 2020 Ikoyi-Ile crisis, where herdsmen’s raids displaced 300 households and left two minors raped, underscoring a recurrent failure to protect rural communities.

Political and Legislative Response

Legislative Motions and Federal Appeals

Representative Akande-Sadipe’s motion of March 7, 2025, frames the crisis as both a humanitarian emergency and a national security threat. Her demands include:

1. Immediate deployment of security forces to disarm herdsmen and restore order.
2. Prosecution of perpetrators under Nigeria’s Terrorism Prevention Act.
3. Allocation of relief funds through NEMA and the Federal Ministry of Agriculture.

The motion invokes precedents like the 2021 Igangan resolution, where anti-open grazing laws and military patrols temporarily stabilized the region. However, the absence of similar measures in Oluyole highlights inconsistent policy enforcement and jurisdictional ambiguities between state and federal authorities.

Stakeholder Engagement Challenges

Akande-Sadipe’s call for stakeholder dialogue—engaging the Oyo State government, community leaders, and Miyetti Allah cattle herders’ associations—faces logistical and ideological hurdles. Past dialogues, such as the 2020 Ikoyi-Ile peace talks, collapsed due to distrust between farmers and herders, with the latter accusing state agencies of bias. The Gambari Reserve conflict introduces additional complexity, as herders claim ancestral grazing rights, while farmers cite encroachment and environmental degradation.

Historical Context and Regional Conflict Patterns

The 2020 Ikoyi-Ile Precedent

In August 2020, herdsmen in Ikoyi-Ile, Orire LGA, destroyed 50 hectares of farmland, assaulted farmers, and raped minors, mirroring current tactics in Oluyole. Despite petitions to the Oyo State government, only superficial peace talks ensued, emboldening herders to escalate violence. The recurrence of such patterns in 2025 underscores systemic governance failures and the marginalization of rural grievances in national policy agendas.

Lessons from the 2021 Igangan Intervention

The Igangan crisis, which claimed 20 lives and displaced 1,000 residents, was partially resolved through a three-pronged approach:

1. Security Mobilization: The Nigerian Army’s Operation Burst disarmed herders and established checkpoints.
2. Legal Measures: Enforcement of Oyo’s Anti-Open Grazing Law (2021) penalized unauthorized cattle movement.
3. Economic Support: NEMA provided seeds and fertilizers to 500 affected farmers, reviving agricultural activity.

Akande-Sadipe advocates replicating this model in Oluyole but notes that delayed federal action risks rendering such measures ineffective.

Security and Humanitarian Challenges

Law Enforcement Inefficacy

The Nigeria Police Force’s reluctance to intervene in Oluyole stems from resource constraints and fear of reprisals. With only 120 officers stationed across the constituency—a ratio of 1 officer per 1,000 residents—security agencies lack the manpower to patrol vast farmlands. Additionally, the herdsmen’s use of sophisticated weapons (e.g., AK-47s) outmatches the police’s outdated arsenals, creating a security vacuum exploited by armed groups

Humanitarian Aid Shortfalls

NEMA’s delayed response to Akande-Sadipe’s relief appeals has left displaced families reliant on community donations. The agency’s 2025 budget, slashed by 30% due to federal austerity measures, limits its capacity to distribute food, medical supplies, and temporary shelters. This austerity contrasts sharply with the ₦50 billion allocated to ranching projects in northern states, fueling perceptions of regional inequity.

Recommendations and Path Forward

Immediate Interventions

1. Security Reinforcement: Deploy joint military-police task forces to disarm herdsmen, using aerial surveillance to monitor remote farmlands.
2. Emergency Relief: Direct NEMA to allocate ₦500 million from the National Food Security Council to Oluyole farmers for seeds, tools, and cash transfers
3. Judicial Action: Establish special courts to prosecute arrested herders under terrorism laws, expediting trials to deter future attacks.

Long-Term Solutions

1. Land Use Reforms: Formalize grazing corridors and farm boundaries via the National Livestock Transformation Plan (NLTP), reducing competition over resources.
2. Community Policing: Train and equip local vigilante groups with non-lethal weapons and communication devices to complement federal forces
3. Economic Diversification: Launch agro-processing hubs in Ogunmakin to reduce reliance on subsistence farming and create herder-farmer cooperatives.

The armed herdsmen crisis in Oyo’s Oluyole Constituency exemplifies the interplay of security lapses, economic marginalization, and environmental pressures driving Nigeria’s farmer-herder conflicts. While Representative Akande-Sadipe’s legislative efforts provide a framework for mitigation, sustained resolution requires transcending reactive measures to address root causes: land scarcity, unemployment, and interethnic distrust. The federal government’s response to this crisis will test its commitment to equitable development and the rule of law, with implications for national stability and food security. Failure to act decisively risks transforming localized disputes into widespread insurgencies, further destabilizing Africa’s most populous nation.

“The destruction of farmlands is not just an attack on individuals but a siege on Nigeria’s future,” Akande-Sadipe remarked, encapsulating the stakes of this humanitarian and security emergency.